Imikorere yibihe bya pompe yubushyuhe yagiye itezwa imbere
Kubikorwa byinshi byo gushyushya umwanya, ubusanzwe imikorere yibihe bya pompe yubushyuhe (impuzandengo yumwaka yingufu zerekana ingufu, COP) yagiye yiyongera kugeza kuri 4 kuva 2010.
Birasanzwe ko abapolisi ba pompe yubushyuhe bagera kuri 4.5 cyangwa hejuru yayo, cyane cyane mubihe byoroheje ugereranije nkakarere ka Mediterane hamwe nu Bushinwa bwo hagati n’amajyepfo. Ibinyuranye na byo, mu bihe bikonje bikabije nko mu majyaruguru ya Kanada, ubushyuhe bwo hanze buzagabanya imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kugeza ku kigereranyo cya 3-3.5 mu gihe cy'itumba.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, impinduka ziva muburyo budahinduka zikoreshwa muburyo bwa tekinoroji zahinduye imikorere. Uyu munsi, tekinoroji yo guhinduranya inshuro nyinshi yirinda gutakaza ingufu nyinshi ziterwa no guhagarara no gutangira tekinoroji idahinduka, kandi bigabanya izamuka ryubushyuhe bwa compressor.
Amabwiriza, ibipimo na labels, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, byatumye iterambere ryisi yose. Kurugero, nyuma yubushobozi buke bwo gukoresha ingufu zimaze kuzamurwa kabiri, impuzandengo yimikorere yigihembwe cya pompe yubushyuhe yagurishijwe muri Amerika yiyongereyeho 13% na 8% muburyo bwa 2006 na 2015.
Usibye kurushaho kunozwa mukuzunguruka kwamazi (urugero binyuze mubisekuru bizaza), niba ushaka kongera coefficente yimikorere yibihe bya pompe yubushyuhe kugeza 4.5-5.5 muri 2030, uzakenera ibisubizo bishingiye kuri sisitemu (kugirango uhindure ingufu gukoresha inyubako yose) no gukoresha firigo zifite ubushyuhe buke cyangwa zeru bushoboka kwisi.
Ugereranije na gaze ikoreshwa na gaze, pompe yubushyuhe irashobora kuzuza 90% byubushyuhe bwisi yose kandi ikagira ikirere gito.
Nubwo pompe yubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi ikiri hejuru ya 5% yubushyuhe bwinyubako kwisi, irashobora gutanga hejuru ya 90% yubushyuhe bwinyubako kwisi yose mugihe kirekire kandi ikagira imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ndetse urebye ingufu za karubone zo hejuru zamashanyarazi, pompe yubushyuhe isohora dioxyde de carbone nkeya kuruta guhuza tekinoroji ikoreshwa na gaze (mubisanzwe ikora kuri 92-95%).
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, dushingiye ku gukomeza kunoza imikorere y’ingufu za pompe yubushyuhe no gutanga amashanyarazi meza, ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza pompe yubushyuhe bwazamutse cyane 50%!
Kuva mu 2015, politiki yihutishije ikoreshwa rya pompe yubushyuhe
Mu Bushinwa, inkunga muri gahunda y'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere ifasha kugabanya ibiciro byo gushyiramo ibikoresho hakiri kare. Muri Gashyantare 2017, Minisiteri ishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije mu Bushinwa yatangije inkunga y’amapompo y’ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere mu ntara zitandukanye z’Ubushinwa (urugero, amafaranga 24000-29000 kuri buri rugo i Beijing, Tianjin na Shanxi). Ubuyapani bufite gahunda nk'iyi binyuze muri gahunda yo kubungabunga ingufu.
Izindi gahunda zihariye kubutaka butanga ubushyuhe. I Beijing no muri Amerika yose, 30% yikiguzi cyambere cyishoramari yishyurwa na leta. Mu rwego rwo gufasha kugera ku ntego yo kohereza metero miliyoni 700 za pompe y’ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka, Ubushinwa bwasabye inkunga y’inyongera (35 Yuan / m kugeza 70 Yuan / M) ku zindi nzego, nka Jilin, Chongqing na Nanjing.
Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zirasaba ibicuruzwa kwerekana coefficente yimikorere yibihe hamwe nubushobozi buke bwa pompe yubushyuhe. Ubu buryo bushingiye ku mikorere ya sisitemu irashobora guteza imbere mu buryo butaziguye imikorere yigihe kizaza ishishikarizwa guhuza ubushyuhe bwa pompe na fotovoltaque muburyo bwo gukoresha. Kubwibyo, pompe yubushyuhe izahita itwara ingufu zicyatsi zikorerwa mugace kandi bigabanye gukoresha ingufu za gride rusange.
Usibye ibipimo byateganijwe, ikirango cyiburayi cyo gushyushya ikirere gikoresha igipimo kimwe cya pompe yubushyuhe (byibuze Grade A +) hamwe na peteroli y’ibicanwa (kugeza ku cyiciro cya A), kugirango imikorere yabo igereranwe neza.
Byongeye kandi, mu Bushinwa no mu bihugu by’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, ingufu zikoreshwa na pompe z’ubushyuhe zishyirwa mu rwego rw’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, kugira ngo zibone izindi nkunga, nko kugabanyirizwa imisoro.
Kanada irimo gutekereza ku cyifuzo gisabwa kugirango ibintu bishoboke birenze 1 (bihwanye n’ibikoresho 100%) kugira ngo ingufu za tekinoroji zose zishyushya mu 2030, zizabuza byimazeyo amakara gakondo yose akoreshwa n’amakara, akoreshwa na peteroli na gaze. .
Mugabanye inzitizi zo kwakirwa mumasoko manini, cyane cyane kumasoko yo kuvugurura
Kugeza 2030, umugabane wubushyuhe bwo gutura utangwa na pompe yubushyuhe bwisi ugomba gukuba gatatu. Niyo mpamvu, politiki igomba gukemura inzitizi zo guhitamo, harimo ibiciro byo kugura hakiri kare, ibiciro byo gukora nibibazo byumurage byububiko buriho.
Mu masoko menshi, amafaranga ashobora kuzigama mugushiraho pompe yubushyuhe ugereranije n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu (urugero, iyo uhinduye ibyuka bikoreshwa na gaze ukajya kuri pompe yamashanyarazi) mubisanzwe bivuze ko pompe yubushyuhe ishobora kuba ihendutse gato mumyaka 10 kugeza 12, ndetse niba bafite imikorere yingufu nyinshi.
Kuva mu 2015, inkunga zagaragaye ko zifite akamaro mu kuzuza ibiciro biri hejuru ya pompe z'ubushyuhe, gutangiza iterambere ry’isoko no kwihutisha ikoreshwa mu nyubako nshya. Guhagarika iyi nkunga y'amafaranga birashobora kubangamira cyane kumenyekanisha pompe yubushyuhe, cyane cyane pompe yubushyuhe.
Kuvugurura no gusimbuza ibikoresho byo gushyushya nabyo birashobora kuba bimwe mubikorwa bya politiki, kuko kohereza byihuse mu nyubako nshya byonyine ntibizaba bihagije kugira ngo kugurisha amazu atatu mu 2030. Kohereza ibikoresho byo kuvugurura birimo kuvugurura ibikoresho by’ibikoresho n’ibikoresho nabyo bizagabanuka. igiciro cyo kwishyiriraho pompe yubushyuhe, gishobora kubarirwa hafi 30% yikiguzi cyose cyishoramari rya pompe yubushyuhe bwo mu kirere kandi kigatwara 65-85% yikiguzi cyose cyo gushora pompe.
Ikoreshwa rya pompe yubushyuhe rigomba kandi guhanura impinduka zamashanyarazi zisabwa kugirango zuzuze SDS. Kurugero, amahitamo yo guhuza kumurongo wizuba ryamafoto yizuba no kwitabira amasoko asubiza ibyifuzo bizatuma pompe yubushyuhe irushaho kuba nziza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-16-2022